Loss of teeth and dental diseases incur a heavy burden on global health. Today’s treatment options, which mainly rely on artificial dental materials, do not provide a complete restoration of the natural tooth structure and function. Approaches based on stem cell regeneration seem to be developing as viable alternatives in the field of dental tissue engineering. This review focuses on various categories of dental stem cells, their distinguishing properties, as well as their possible roles in the repair and restoration of teeth. It discusses polymorphic dental stem cells such as dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), and stem cells from periodontal Ligament (PDLSC), with special emphasis on dental follicle stem cells (DFPC) and stem cells from the apical region of tooth roots.Considerable attention is paid to the latest advances in the techniques of isolation, the protocols of cell expansion, differentiation, and even the current gaps about the translation of these technologies to clinical practices. This review examines biocompatible scaffolds, growth factors, signaling molecules, and other components relevant to the enhancement of biotherapy at dental stem cell level. Deliberation on the incorporated documents fosters new thinking and focuses on technologies that are considered to shape the future of dental regenerative medicine. Integrating stem cell biology with the practice of clinical dentistry profoundly changes approaches to treating the biological repair and restoration of dental tissues and the improvement of life for the patients.