Tooth decay, a prevalent dental issue, results from the interaction of bacteria and fermented sugars. Conventional preventive strategies, including proper oral hygiene and fluoride applications, have demonstrated efficacy in reducing the incidence of cavities. Nonetheless, these methods face challenges regarding their overall effectiveness and accessibility. In this context, caries vaccination has emerged as a potentially transformative strategy for the prevention of dental caries, promising enduring protection against this condition. Although research and development in this field are ongoing, there are encouraging indications that this approach may significantly mitigate the risk of cavity formation. Continued investigation and assessment of caries vaccines are essential to comprehensively evaluate their benefits and risks, as well as to create safe and effective vaccines for widespread use in the prevention of dental caries. Key words: Vaccine, Caries