Background: Dental implant survival is initially dependent on successful osseointegration following placement. Any alteration of this biological process by excessive surgical trauma, infection, or metabolic upset may adversely affect treatment outcomes. Material and method: A total of 45 patients were enrolled in this study and categorised into 3 groups: Group 1: patients who were chronic smokers (n=15), Group 2: patients with controlled diabetes(n=15), Group 3: healthy (control) patients(n=15). Once the implants were placed a strict oral hygiene protocol was instructed to the patients. The patients were evaluated every month for a duration of 6 months after implant loading to check for signs of bone loss and implant failure. Preoperative and follow up radiographs were collected and compared. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Results: In the current study it was seen that 24 patients were below 40 years of age and 21 patients were above 40 years of age. Out of 45 patients enrolled in this study 27 were males and 18 were females. 5 out of the 15 patients who were chronic smokers showed implant failure in the follow up period. In the controlled diabetes group 14 patients showed successful implant integration with only 1 patient having a failed implant. Similarly in the control group also there was only a single implant failure. A statistically significant relation was observed between the success rates of the smoker group and the diabetes group and also between the smoker and the control group with P-value of .021 and .043 respectively. However the comparison of diabetes group and the control group did not show a significant difference statistically with P value of .088 (table3). Conclusion: Smoking adversely affects implant survival and success whereas controlled diabetes does not seem to be a risk factor for implant success. Keywords: Bone, dental implants, osseointegration, smoking, diabetes.