Background: Periapical surgery is now a reliable therapeutic procedure for the treatment of teeth with periapical lesions, particularly when orthograde retreatment is problematic. However, little information is available regarding treatment planning of cases referred for periapical surgery. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the profile of patients undergoing peri-apical surgeries. Material and method: This retrospective study included a data of 80 patients. All the demographic details of the patients were obtained. Complete clinical and radiographic pre-operative findings were collected. Based on age, patients were categorised into 3 groups: Group 1: 20-30 years, Group 2: 31-40 years and Group 3: 41-50 years. Cases of periapical pathology were also segregated based on their occurrence in the maxilla and mandible respectively. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Results: In the current study, 28 out of 80 patients belonged to the age group of 20-30 years (35%). 41.25% and 23.75% patients were from group 2 and group 3 respectively. Males comprised of 58.75% of the total cases (n=47) whereas rest 41.25% were females (n=33). The current study observed that out of 80 cases, 44 cases of peri-apical surgery were in maxilla and the rest 45 % cases were in mandible. It was seen that maximum peri-apical surgeries were carried out in single rooted teeth with predominance in maxilla.. It was seen that majority of cases in which peri-apical surgery was performed had a chronic infection of unclear reason despite radiographically good root canal filling (n=39). Conclusion: Most of the cases where peri-apical surgeries were opted had an unclear reason for chronic infection despite good endodontic treatment. Also most of the peri-apical surgeries were carried out in single rooted teeth of upper and lower jaws. Key words: Periapical surgery, case selection, treatment planning.