Background: Tobacco used in any form can result in irreparable genetic damage and is the most common chemical carcinogen for oral cancer. Diabetes mellitus is a growing and massively silent epidemic that has the potential to cripple health services in all parts of the world. Hence; under the light of above mentioned data, the present study was undertaken for assessing micronuclei frequency in exfoliated buccal mucosal cells in Type-2 diabetes patients with tobacco smoking habit. Materials & methods: A total of 75 subjects were enrolled and were divided into three study groups as follows: Group 1: 25 Diabetic with tobacco smoking habit, Group 2: 25 Non-diabetic with tobacco smoking habit, and Group 3: 25 Controls. Exfoliated cells from buccal mucosa will be scraped using a slightly moistened cytobrush/wooden spatula. The cells were immediately smeared on two proclaimed microscopic slides for each subject. The cyto smears was separately stained with PAP and GIEMSA stains. The slides were mounted with cover glass using DPX mountant and were analysed. Average frequency of MN= Total no of MN/ Total no of cells with MN. All the results were summarized in Microsoft excel sheet and were analysed by SPSS software. Results: The mean MN frequency PER HPF GIEMSA increase with increase in disease severity (normal to type-2 diabetic) and tobacco use. Comparing the mean MN frequency PER HPF GIEMSA of three groups, ANOVA showed significantly different MN frequency PER HPF GIEMSA among the groups. Conclusion: Type-2 DM patients have significantly more genetic damage (in terms of MN frequency). This indicates than MN may be a useful constituent in a panel of biomarkers for the risk of diabetes. Key words: Buccal, Exfoliated, Diabetes.