Background: The present study compared bupivacaine and lignocaine in root canal treatment. Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted on 40 patients requiring root canal treatment in mandibular anterior teeth. Patients were divided into 2 groups of 20 each. Group I patients was administered 2% lignocaine and the group II with 0.5% bupivacaine. The pain in patients was compared using the visual analogue scale (VAS) before treatment and 6, 10, 24, and 48 hours after root canal treatment. Results: The mean VAS before treatment in both group I was 6, at 6 hours was 4.8 in group I and 4.2 in group II, at 10 hours was 4.2 in group I and 3.0 in group II, at 24 hours was 3.6 in group I and 2.2 in group II, at 48 hours was 2.4 in group I and 1.3 in group II. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Authors found that 0.5% bupivacaine is better in terms of controlling pain as compared to lignocaine. Key words: Bupivacaine, lignocaine, VAS